1. De Vries E, Coebergh JW (2005) Melanoma incidence has risen in Europe. BMJ 331(7518):698

2. Gandini S, Sera F, Cattaruzza MS et al (2005) Meta-analysis of risk factors for cutaneous melanoma: II. Sun exposure. Eur J Cancer 4:45–60

3. Curtin JA, Fridlyand J, Kageshita T et al (2005) Distinct sets of genetic alterations in melanoma. N Engl J Med 353:2135–2147

4. Fortes C, de Vries E (2008) Nonsolar occupational risk factors for cutaneous melanoma. Int J Dermatol 47:319–328

5. International Agency for Research on Cancer (1991) IARC Mongraph on the evaluation of the carcinogenic risks to humans. In: Coffee, tea, mate, methylxanthines and methylglyoxal, vol 51. IARC, Lyon, France

6. Je Y, Giovannucci E (2012) Coffee consumption and risk of endometrial cancer: findings from a large up-to-date meta-anal- ysis. Int J Cancer 7:1700–1710

7. Galeone C, Turati F, La Vecchia C et al (2010) Coffee con- sumption and risk of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of case- control. Cancer Causes Control 2:1949–1959

8. Turati F, Galeone C, Edefonti V et al (2012) A meta-analysis of coffee consumption and pancreatic cancer. Ann Oncol 2:311–318

9. Braem MG, Onland-Moret NC, Schouten LJ et al (2012) Coffee and tea consumption and the risk of ovarian cancer: a prospective cohort study and updated meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 95:1172–1181

10. Veierød MB, Thelle DS, Laake P (1997) Diet and risk of cuta-neous malignant melanoma: a prospective study of 50,757 Nor- wegian men and women. Int J Cancer 71:600–604

11. Osterlind A, Tucker MA, Stone BJ et al (1988) The Danish case- control study of cutaneous malignant melanoma. IV. No associ- ation with nutritional factors, alcohol, smoking or hair dyes. Int J Cancer 42:825–828

12. Green A, Bain C, McLennan R et al (1986) Risk factors for cutaneous melanoma in Queensland. Rec Results Cancer Res 102:76–97

13. Naldi L, Gallus S, Tavani A et al (2004) Oncology Study Group of the Italian Group for Epidemiologic Research in Dermatology. Risk of melanoma and vitamin A coffee and alcohol: a case- control study from Italy. Eur J Cancer Prev 13:503–508

14. Dong LM, Potter JD, White E et al (2008) Genetic susceptibility to cancer: the role of polymorphisms in candidate genes. JAMA 299:2423–2436

15. Parl FF (2005) Glutathione S-transferase genotypes and cancer risk. Cancer Lett 221:123–129

16. Huber WW, Parzefall W (2005) Modification of N-acetyltrans- ferases and glutathione S-transferases by coffee components: possible relevance for cancer risk. Methods Enzymol 401:307–341

17. English DR, Mac Lennan R (1990) Epidemiological studies of melanocytic naevi protocol for identifying and recording naevi. IARC internal report no 90/002. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon

18. Freedberg IM et al (eds) (1999) Fitzpatrick’s dermatology in general medicine, 5th edn. McGraw-Hill, New York

19. Leffondre ́ K, Abrahamowicz M, Siemiatycki J et al (2002) Modeling smoking history: a comparison of different approaches. Am J Epidemiol 156:813–823

20. Fortes C, Forastiere F, Farchi S et al (2003) The protective effect of the Mediterranean diet on lung cancer. Nutr Cancer 46:30–37

21. Gao Y, Zhang Q (1999) Polimorphisms of the GSTM1 and CYP2D6 genes associated with susceptibility to lung cancer in Chinese. Mutat Res 444:441–449

22. Fortes C, Mastroeni S, Melchi F et al (2007) The association between residential pesticide use and cutaneous melanoma. Eur J Cancer 43:1066–1075

23. Denkert C, Kobel M, Berger S et al (2001) Expression of cyclooxygenase 2 in human malignant melanoma. Cancer Res 61:303–308

24. Tabolacci C, Lentini A, Provenzano B et al (2010) Similar antineoplastic effects of nimesulide, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, and prostaglandin E1 on B16-F10 murine melanoma cells. Mel- anoma Res 20:273–279

25. Kang NJ, Lee KW, Shin BJ et al (2009) Caffeic acid, a phenolic phytochemical in coffee, directly inhibits Fyn kinase activity and UVB-induced COX-2 expression. Carcinogenesis 30:321–330

26. Lee WJ, Zhu BT (2006) Inhibition of DNA methylation by caf- feic acid and chlorogenic acid, two common catechol-containing coffee polyphenols. Carcinogenesis 27:269–277

27. Lee KJ, Jeong HG (2007) Protective effects of kahweol and cafestol against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage. Toxicol Lett 173:80–87

28. Yamada Y, Yasui H, Sakurai H (2006) Suppressive effect of caffeic acid and its derivatives on the generation of UVA-induced reactive oxygen species in the skin of hairless mice and phar- macokinetic analysis on organ distribution of caffeic acid in ddY mice. Photochem Photobiol 82:1668–1676

29. Armstrong BK, White E, Saracci R (1992) Principles of exposure measurement in epidemiology. Oxford University Press, New York 30. Lampe JW (2009) Interindividual differences in response to plant-based diets: implications for cancer risk. Am J Clin Nutr 89:1553S–1557S

30. Mo ̈ssner R, Anders N, Ko ̈nig IR et al (2007) Variations of the melanocortin-1 receptor and the glutathione-S transferase T1 and M1 genes in cutaneous malignant melanoma. Arch Dermatol Res 298:371–379

31. Chan EC, Lam SY, Fu KH et al (2005) Polymorphisms of the GSTM1, GSTP1, MPO, XRCC1, and NQO1 genes in Chinese patients with non-small cell lung cancers: relationship with aberrant promoter methylation of the CDKN2A and RARB genes. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 162:10–20

32. Ibarrola-Villava M, Martin-Gonzalez M, Lazaro P et al (2012) Role of glutathione S-transferases in melanoma susceptibility: association with GSTP1 rs1695 polymorphism. Br J Dermatol 166:1176–1183

33. Heagerty A, Smith A, English J et al (1994) Glutathione S-transferase GSTM1 phenotypes and protection against cutane- ous tumours. Lancet 343:266–268

34. Kanetsky PA, Holmes R, Walker A et al (2001) Interaction of glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 genotypes and malignant melanoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev 10:509–513

35. Fortes C, Mastroeni S, Boffetta P et al (2011) Polymorphisms of GSTM1 and GSTT1, sun exposure and the risk of melanoma: a case–control study. Acta Derm Venereol 91:284–289

36. Palli D, Masala G, Peluso M et al (2004) The effects of diet on DNA bulky adduct levels are strongly modified by GSTM1 genotype: a study on 634 subjects. Carcinogenesis 25:577–584

37. Lampe JW, Chen C, Li S et al (2000) Modulation of human glutathione S-transferases by botanically defined vegetable diets. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 9:787–793

38. Epplein M, Wilkens LR, Tiirikainen M et al (2009) Urinary isothiocyanates; glutathione S-transferase M1, T1, and P1 poly- morphisms; and risk of colorectal cancer: the Multiethnic Cohort Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 18:314–320

39. Gervasini G, San Jose C, Carrillo JA et al (2010) GST poly- morphisms interact with dietary factors to modulate lung cancer risk: study in a high-incidence area. Nutr Cancer 62:750–758

40. Borst L, Buchard A, Rosthøj S et al (2012) Gene dose effects of GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 polymorphisms on outcome in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 34:38–42

41. Coles BF, Kadlubar FF (2003) Detoxification of electrophilic compounds by glutathione S-transferase catalysis:determinants of individual response to chemical carcinogens and chemothera- peutic drugs. BioFactors 17:115–130