El consumo de café y el riesgo de cáncer colorrectal: un meta-análisis de estudios observacionales

27-04-2017

Se adelantó una revisión sistemática y meta-análisis de estudios observacionales con el objetivo de estimar la relación entre consumo de café y riesgo de cáncer colorrectal. Se realizó una búsqueda en Medline, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, EMBASE, Science Citation Index y PubMed incluyendo estudios de cohorte y casos y controles en inglés, hasta mayo de 2011. Se establecieron criterios de inclusión. No se estimó la calidad de estos estudios. En cuanto al análisis estadístico, se evaluó la heterogeneidad empleando un test de X2. También se empleó un modelo de efectos aleatorios para combinar los estudios que evidenciaron algún grado de heterogeneidad. El riesgo de sesgo de publicación fue estimado usando el test de regresión de Egger. Para el meta-análisis se incluyeron 25 estudios de casos y controles (15522 casos) y 16 estudios de cohorte (10443 casos). Comparando el consumo más alto de café VS el consumo más bajo o no consumo, los resultados combinados de los estudios de casos y controles evidenciaron una relación inversa significativa con cáncer colorrectal (OR= 0.85, IC 95% 0.75- 0.97) y cáncer de colon (OR=0.79, IC 95%, 0.67-0,95), pero no con cáncer rectal (OR=0.95, IC95%, 0.79-1.15). En el caso de los estudios de cohorte se evidenció una relación inversa con cáncer colorrectal, (RR=0,94 IC 95% 0,88-1.01) , cáncer de colon (OR=0.93 IC 95% 0.86-1.01), y cáncer rectal (OR=0.98, IC 95% 0.88-1,09), aunque ninguna de las anteriores estadísticamente significativa. En el análisis de subgrupos para los estudios de casos y controles se evidenciaron relaciones inversas significativas en mujeres para cáncer colorrectal y en Europa para cáncer colorrectal y de colon. Con respecto a los estudios de cohorte, el análisis de subgrupos identificó una disminución del riesgo de cáncer de colon únicamente en mujeres asiáticas. Los resultados de este meta-análisis sugieren que el consumo de café podría disminuir el riesgo de cáncer de colon y colorrectal, especialmente en Europa y para el sexo femenino.

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Li G, Ma D, Zhang Y, Zheng W, Wang P. Coffee consumption and risk of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Public Health Nutrition: 16(2), 346–35

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